Употреба
Изразява обичайно повтарящо се действие в настоящето. Превежда се като сегашно просто време.
Наречия за време , характерни за сегашно просто време :
never - никога seldom - рядко sometimes - понякога always - винаги often - често rarely - рядко
Мястото на наречието за време в сегашно време е между подлога и сказуемото.
Affirmative
Interrogative
Negative
I write
He(she, it) writes
We write
You write
They write
Do I write
Does he (she, it) write
Do we write
Do you write
Do they write
I do not (don't) write
he (she, it) does not (don't) write
we do not (don't) write
you do not (don't) write
they do not (don't) write
Negative - interrogative
Do
Does
I
he (she, it)
we
you
not write
Изразява действие, което се извършва в момента на говоренето.
Michael is speaking on the phone now .
Сравнeние на сегашно просто и сегашно продължително време :
Сегашно просто време :
I usually run in the park .
Сегашно продължително време :
I am running in the park now .
Образуване
He(she, it)
We
You
They
am
is
are
playing
Am
Is
Are
they
am not
is not (isn't)
are not (aren't)
Isn't
Aren't
Изразява:
-действие, което е извършено в определен минал момент или минал период от време, който няма връзка с настоящето.
I went to the cinema yesterday. She closed the shop five minutes ago.
-общоизвестни или научни факти, които се отнасят до миналото. Употребява се в исторически разкази и приказки.
Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606 The Earth began 4 500 000 000 years ago.
-последователно извършващи се действия в миналото.
I got up early this morning. I washed , dressed and then I had breakfast.
Минало просто време се употребява най-често с наречия и обстоятелствени пояснения за време като: 2 days ago, yesterday, lastweek и други.
I bought a new computer 2 days ago.
wrote
Did
write
did not (didn't)
Didn't
Short answers
Yes
did
-действие ,което се е извършвало в кратък период от време в миналото:
I was reading at that time. I was reading when you came in.
-паралелно извършващи се действия в миналото:
We were watching TV while Tom was reading.
I was playing
He(she, it) was playing
We were playing
You were playing
They were playing
Was I playing
Was he (she, it) playing
Were we playing
Were you playing
Were they playing
Wasn't I playing
Wasn't he (she, it) playing
Weren't we playing
Weren't you playing
Weren't they playing
I wasn't playing
He (she, it) wasn't (aren't) playing
we weren't (aren't) playing
you weren't (aren't) playing
they weren't (aren't) playing
Сравнение на минало просто и минало продължително време:
Yesterday I read the book.
(действието е еднократно и е завършено в определен момент в миналото) Yesterday at 8 o'clock I was reading.(действието продължава да се извършва в сравнително кратък период от време в миналото)
- действие, което ще се извърши в определен момент от бъдещето или период от време в бъдещето.
He will change his job.
- обичайно, повтарящо се действие в бъдещето:
Tom will read books every day.
Образуване.
I shall speak
He(she, it) will speak
We shall speak
You will speak
They will speak
Shall I speak
Will he (she, it) speak
Shall we speak
Will you speak
Shall they speak
I shall not (shan't) speak
He (she, it) will not (shan't) speak
we shall not (shan't) speak
you will not (shan't) speak
they will not (shan't) speak
Shall I not speak
Will he (she, it) not speak
Shall we not speak
Will you not speak
Shall they not speak
Shan't I speak
Won't he (she, it) speak
Shan't we speak
Won't you speak
Shan't they speak
Използват се следните глаголи и наречия, посочващи нашата несигурност в това, което предстои да се случи: think, be sure, hope, believe, suppose, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely.
Употреба.
Изразява действие, което ще се извършва в даден момент или период от време в бъдещето.
I shall be watching TV at 9 o’clock Anita will be studying from 4 o’clock until 7 o’clock this evening.
I shall be playing
He(she, it) will be playing
We shall be playing
You will be playing
They will be playing
Shall I be playing
Will he (she, it) be playing
Shall we be playing
Will you be playing
Will they be playing
Shan’t I be playing
Won’t he (she, it) be playing
Shan’t we be playing
Won’t you be playing
Won’t they be playing
I shan’t be playing
He (she, it) won’t be playing
we shan’t be playing
you won’t be playing
they won’t be playing
Сравнение между бъдеще просто и бъдеще продължително време:
I shall write a book next month. (действието ще се извърши въобще в бъдещето) I shall be writing a book when you come at 6 o’clock. (действието ще се извършва в определен момент в бъдещето)
Специални въпроси(Special Questions).Задават се по следната схема: Въпрос + спом.глагол(shall/will) + подлог + be + глагол с -ing
What will Barbara be wearing at the party?
Въпросът who се поставя на мястото на подлога, когато подлогът е лице.
Roy will be watching the match at 9 o’clock Who will be watching the match at 9 o’clock
- действие, което е извършено в неопределен момент от миналото и резултатът от него е налице в настоящето.
I have lost my key..
- действие, започнало в неопределен момент от миналото, което току-що е приключило
She has just arrived .
- действие, започнало в неопределен момент от миналото, което продължава и в момента.
I have studied English for 2 years .
Характерна е употребата на предлозите since и for , които се превеждат с предлога от .
- Since показва момента , от който е започнало да се извършва действието в миналото :
I have lived in Varna since 1991 .
- For означава периода от време , през който се е извършвало действието :
I have lived in Plovdiv for 12 years . Със сегашно перфектно време се употребяват наречия за време като ever, never, just, before, already, yet и др. Мястото им е между спомагателния глагол have/has и самостоятелния глагол . Yet и before стоят в края на изречението . Already се употребява в положителни изречения , а ует - във въпросителни и отрицателни изречения .
Образуване .
I have played
He(she, it) has played
We have played
You have played
They have played
Have I played
Has he (she, it) played
Have we played
Have you played
Have they played
I have not (haven't) played
He (she, it) has not (hasn't) played
we have not (haven't) played
you have not (haven't) played
they have not (haven't) played
Have I not played
Has he (she, it) not played
Have we not played
Have you not played
Have they not played
Haven't I played
Hasn't he (she, it) played
Haven't we played
Haven't you played
Haven't they played
Специални въпроси ( Special Questions ). Задават се по следната схема : Въпрос + спом.глагол ( have / has ) + подлог + мин.причастие
Where + have + you + lived ? Why has Monica forgotten about the meeting?
-действие, започнало неотдавна в миналото, което продължава в настоящето.
She has been sleeping for 2 hours .
-действие, започнало в миналото, което току-що е приключило.
He is tired . He has been running .
I have been playing
He(she, it) has been playing
We have been playing
You have been playing
They have been playing
Have I been playing
Has he (she, it) been playing
Have we been playing
Have you been playing
Have they been playing
I have not (haven't) been playing
He (she, it) has not (hasn't) been playing
we have not (haven't) been playing
you have not (haven't) been playing
they have not (haven't) been playing
Have I not been playing
Has he (she, it) not been playing
Have we not been playing
Have you not been playing
Have they not been playing
Haven't I been playing
Hasn't he (she, it) been playing
Haven't we been playing
Haven't you been playing
Haven't they been playing
Сравнение между сегашно перфектно време и сегашно перфектно продължително време :
I have read this book . ( действието е извършено в неопределен момент от миналото и е приключено ) I have been reading this book for 2 hours . ( действието е започнало неотдавна в миналото и продължава да се извършва в настоящето )
Специални въпроси ( Special Questions ) . Задават се по следната схема : Въпрос + спом.глагол ( have / has ) + подлог + been + глагол с –ing
What + have + you + been + learning ? How long has she been writing the book ?
Въпросът who се поставя на мястото на подлога , когато подлогът е лице .
Kevin has been waiting for 20 minutes . Who has been waiting for 20 minutes ?
Упортеба
Изразява минало действие, което е завършило преди друг определен минал момент. I had cleaned the flat by 5 o’clock I had cleaned the flat when the thelepohone rang. С минало перфектно време могат да се употребяват наречия за време като: already, never, just, yet, before, since и for.
I had played
He(she, it) had played
We had played
You had played
They had played
Had I played
Had he (she, it) played
Had we played
Had you played
Had they played
I had not (hadn't) played
He (she, it) had not (hadn't) played
we had not (hadn't) played
you had not (hadn't) played
they had not (hadn't) played
Had I not played
Had he (she, it) not played
Had we not played
Had you not played
Had they not played
Hadn't I played
Hadn't he (she, it) played
Hadn't we played
Hadn't you played
Hadn't they played
Специални въпроси.
Задават се по следната схема: Въпрос + спом.глагол(had) + подлог + мин.причастие
When had she arrived? Where had Mark gone?
Въпросът who се поставя на мястото на подлога,когато подлогът е лице.
John had repaired the car by 6 o’clock Who had repaired the car by 6 o’clock?
Изразява продължително действие, което е започнало преди даден момент в миналото.
Rod and Ned had been playing football all day I had been reading for half an hour when she phoned me.
I had been playing
He(she, it) had been playing
We had been playing
You had been playing
They had been playing
Had I been playing
Had he (she, it) been playing
Had we been playing
Had you been playing
Had they been playing
I had not (hadn't) been playing
He (she, it) had not (hadn't) been playing
we had not (hadn't) been playing
you had not (hadn't) been playing
they had not (hadn't) been playing
Had I not been playing
Had he (she, it) not been playing
Had we not been playing
Had you not been playing
Had they not been playing
Hadn't I been playing
Hadn't he (she, it) been playing
Hadn't we been playing
Hadn't you been playing
Hadn't they been playing
Сравнете минало перфектно време и минало перфектно продължителновреме:
Минало перфектно време:
I was tired. I had waited for the bus for 40 minutes when it came.
Минало перфектно продължително време
I had been waiting for the bus for 40 minutes when it began to rain.
Задават се по следната схема: Въпрос + спом. Глагол (had) + подлог + been + глагол с -ing
Where had Stella been working ? How long had she been staying in Paris? Whom had you been waiting for?
Въпросът who се поставя на мястото на подлога , когато подлогът е лице.
Emily had been cooking for two hours. Who had been cooking for two hours ?
Изразява действие, което ще бъде свършено до определен момент в бъдещето.
They will have received our letter by Monday The match will have already started when we get there
I will have played
He will has played
We will have played
You will have played
They will have played
Will I have played
Will he has played
Will we have played
Will you have played
Will they have played
I won’t have played
He (she, it) won’t has played
we won’t have played
you won’t have played
they won’t have played
Won’t I have played
Won’t he, she, it has played
Won’t we have played
Won’t you have played
Won’t they have played
Специални въпроси. Задават се по следната схема: Въпрос + спом.глагол(shall/will) + подлог + have + мин.прочастие
What will Alex have done . When will you have painted the house? What will they have done by then?
Frank will have signed the contract by Friday Who will have signed the contract by Friday? Helen will have returned from France by the end of this week. Who will have returned from France to the end of this week?
Изразява действие, което е започнало преди даден момент в бъдещето и ще продължи след него.
I shall have been working for two hours when you came At 6 o’clock Iris and Joanna will have been titying their room for an hour
I will have been playing
He (she, it) will has been playing
We will have been playing
You will have been playing
They will have been playing
Will I have been playing
Will he (she, it) has been playing
Will we have been playing
Will you have been playing
Will they have been playing
He (she, it) will have been playing
Will he (she,it) have been playing
Специални въпроси. Задават се по схемата:
Въпрос + спом.глагол(shall/will) + подлог + have + been + глагол с -ing
What will you have been doing? How long will Peter have been working on the computer?
Maria will have been reading for 3 hours. Who will have been reading for 3 hours?
Сравнение на бъдеще перфектно време с бъдеще перфектно продължително
Бъдеще перфектно време:
I shall have written the essay by 5o’clock.
Бъдеще перфектно продължително време:
I shall have been writing the essay for 2 hours when you come (действието се е извършвало и ще продължава да се извършва)
Бъдеще време в миналото:
Образува се от should/would + глагол в инфинитив. Превежда се на български език с бъдеще време.
I said that I should come
Бъдеще продължително време в миналото:
Образува се от should/would + be + сегашно причастие. На български език се превежда с бъдеще време.
I thought that I should be working all day on Saturday.
Бъдеще перфектно в миналото:
Образува се от should/would + have + минало причастие . На български език се превежда с бъдеще предварително време
I told you that I should have written the book by the end of May
Бъдеще перфектно продължително в миналото:
Образува се от should/would + have + been + сегашно причастие. На български се превежда с бъдеще предварително време
He knew that I should have been playing tennis for 2 hours
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